Chapter 2: Parts of a Plant (पौधे के भाग)
1. Plant (पौधा)
Definition (English)
A plant is a living thing that grows, breathes, needs water, air, sunlight and soil to live.
परिभाषा (Hindi)
पौधा एक सजीव (Living Thing) है जो बढ़ता है, साँस लेता है तथा जीवित रहने के लिए पानी, हवा, सूर्य का प्रकाश और मिट्टी की आवश्यकता होती है।
Examples (उदाहरण)
Mango tree (आम)
Rose (गुलाब)
Neem (नीम)
Grass (घास)
2. Parts of a Plant (पौधे के भाग)
Definition (English)
A plant has different parts. Each part has a special function.
परिभाषा (Hindi)
पौधे के अलग-अलग भाग होते हैं और प्रत्येक भाग का अपना विशेष कार्य होता है।
Main Parts (मुख्य भाग)
Root (जड़)
Stem (तना)
Leaves (पत्तियाँ)
Flowers (फूल)
Fruits (फल)
Seeds (बीज)
3. Root System (जड़ तंत्र)
Definition (English)
The root system grows below the ground.
परिभाषा (Hindi)
जड़ तंत्र मिट्टी के नीचे बढ़ता है।
Functions (कार्य)
English
Fixes the plant in the soil.
Absorbs water and minerals.
Stores food in some plants.
Hindi
पौधे को मिट्टी में मजबूती से पकड़कर रखता है।
पानी और खनिज लवण को अवशोषित करता है।
कुछ पौधों में भोजन संग्रह करता है।
Examples
Carrot (गाजर)
Radish (मूली)
Beetroot (चुकंदर)
Turnip (शलगम)
4. Types of Roots (जड़ों के प्रकार)
A. Tap Root (मुख्य जड़)
Definition
A taproot is one thick main root with small side roots.
परिभाषा
मुख्य जड़ एक मोटी जड़ होती है जिससे छोटी-छोटी जड़ें निकलती हैं।
Examples
Carrot
Radish
Mustard
Bean
B. Fibrous Root (रेशेदार जड़)
Definition
Fibrous roots are many thin roots growing together.
परिभाषा
रेशेदार जड़ें कई पतली जड़ों का समूह होती हैं।
Examples
Grass
Rice
Wheat
Onion
5. Aerial Roots (वायवीय जड़)
Definition
Roots hanging above the ground are called aerial roots.
परिभाषा
जो जड़ें जमीन के ऊपर लटकती हैं उन्हें वायवीय जड़ कहते हैं।
Example
Banyan Tree (बरगद)
6. Shoot System (प्ररोह तंत्र)
Definition
The shoot system grows above the ground.
परिभाषा
प्ररोह तंत्र मिट्टी के ऊपर बढ़ता है।
Includes
Stem
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
7. Stem (तना)
Definition
Stem is the main part of the shoot system.
परिभाषा
तना प्ररोह तंत्र का मुख्य भाग है।
Functions
English
Supports the plant.
Carries water and minerals.
Holds leaves, flowers and fruits.
Keeps the plant upright.
Hindi
पौधे को सहारा देता है।
पानी और खनिज पहुँचाता है।
पत्तियों, फूलों और फलों को सहारा देता है।
पौधे को सीधा खड़ा रखता है।
Examples
Potato
Ginger
Onion
Garlic
8. Types of Plants (पौधों के प्रकार)
Tree (वृक्ष)
Definition
Tall and strong plants with thick stem.
Examples
Mango
Coconut
Neem
Shrub (झाड़ी)
Definition
Small woody plants with many branches.
Examples
Rose
Bougainvillea
Herb (शाक)
Definition
Small plants with soft stems.
Examples
Coriander
Mint
Marigold
Climber (लता)
Definition
Plants with weak stems that need support.
Examples
Grapevine
Money Plant
Creeper (भूमि पर फैलने वाले पौधे)
Definition
Plants with weak stems that creep on the ground.
Examples
Pumpkin
Watermelon
9. Leaf (पत्ती)
Definition
Leaves are the food-making factories of plants.
परिभाषा
पत्तियाँ पौधे का भोजन बनाने वाला भाग हैं।
Functions
English
Make food.
Contain chlorophyll.
Give out oxygen.
Store food in some plants.
Hindi
भोजन बनाती हैं।
क्लोरोफिल होता है।
ऑक्सीजन छोड़ती हैं।
कुछ पौधों में भोजन संग्रह करती हैं।
Examples
Spinach
Mint
Lettuce
Cabbage
10. Chlorophyll (क्लोरोफिल)
Definition
Green pigment present in leaves.
परिभाषा
पत्तियों में पाया जाने वाला हरा रंगद्रव्य।
Function
Helps plants prepare food.
कार्य
भोजन बनाने में सहायता करता है।
11. Photosynthesis (प्रकाश संश्लेषण)
Definition
The process by which green plants prepare food using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide.
परिभाषा
वह प्रक्रिया जिसमें पौधे सूर्य के प्रकाश, पानी और कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड की सहायता से भोजन बनाते हैं।
12. Flower (फूल)
Definition
Flowers help the plant reproduce.
परिभाषा
फूल पौधे के प्रजनन में सहायता करते हैं।
Examples
Rose
Sunflower
Lotus
13. Fruit (फल)
Definition
Most flowers become fruits.
परिभाषा
अधिकांश फूल बाद में फल बन जाते हैं।
Examples
Mango
Apple
Banana
14. Seed (बीज)
Definition
Seeds grow into new plants.
परिभाषा
बीज से नया पौधा बनता है।
Examples
Mango Seed
Bean Seed
Pea Seed
15. Germination (अंकुरण)
Definition
The growth of a seed into a new plant is called germination.
परिभाषा
बीज का नया पौधा बनना अंकुरण कहलाता है।
Needs for Germination
English
Water
Air
Sunlight
Good Soil
Hindi
पानी
हवा
सूर्य का प्रकाश
अच्छी मिट्टी
Important Keywords (महत्वपूर्ण शब्द)
| English | Hindi |
|---|---|
| Root | जड़ |
| Stem | तना |
| Leaf | पत्ती |
| Flower | फूल |
| Fruit | फल |
| Seed | बीज |
| Root System | जड़ तंत्र |
| Shoot System | प्ररोह तंत्र |
| Tap Root | मुख्य जड़ |
| Fibrous Root | रेशेदार जड़ |
| Aerial Root | वायवीय जड़ |
| Chlorophyll | क्लोरोफिल |
| Photosynthesis | प्रकाश संश्लेषण |
| Germination | अंकुरण |
| Tree | वृक्ष |
| Shrub | झाड़ी |
| Herb | शाक |
| Climber | लता |
| Creeper | भूमि पर फैलने वाला पौधा |
Chapter Summary (सारांश)
A plant has two main parts: Root System and Shoot System.
पौधे के दो मुख्य भाग होते हैं – जड़ तंत्र और प्ररोह तंत्र।Roots fix the plant and absorb water and minerals.
जड़ पौधे को मिट्टी में पकड़कर रखती है तथा पानी और खनिज अवशोषित करती है।Stem supports the plant and carries water and food.
तना पौधे को सहारा देता है तथा पानी और भोजन पहुँचाता है।Leaves prepare food by photosynthesis.
पत्तियाँ प्रकाश संश्लेषण द्वारा भोजन बनाती हैं।Flowers change into fruits and fruits contain seeds.
फूल फल बनते हैं और फलों में बीज होते हैं।Seeds grow into new plants through germination.
बीज अंकुरण द्वारा नया पौधा बनते हैं।
.....................................................................................................
Chapter 2: Parts of a Plant
Objective Type Questions – Answers
1. Name the following:
(a) A large, thick root that grows straight down from a plant.
Answer: Taproot
(b) A root system composed of a bunch of small, branching roots that grow outward from the plant.
Answer: Fibrous root system
(c) Parts of a plant that grow on the stem.
Answer: Leaves, flowers and fruits
(d) Plants with weak stem that need some support to grow upright.
Answer: Climbers
(e) Present in green leaves; it helps to absorb light.
Answer: Chlorophyll
2. Label the picture
Leaves
Flower
Fruit
Stem
Roots
3. Match the following
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| (a) Mustard, bean | (ii) Taproots |
| (b) Grass, rice | (iii) Fibrous roots |
| (c) Creepers | (iv) Weak stems |
| (d) Cabbage, spinach | (i) Leaves that store food |
4. Complete the table
| Types of Plant | Examples | Features |
|---|---|---|
| (a) Tree | Mango, Coconut | Hard stem called trunk |
| (b) Shrub | Rose, Bougainvillea | Short woody plant with several stems |
| (c) Climber | Money plant, Grapevine | Need support to grow upright |
| (d) Creeper | Pumpkin, Watermelon | Grow along the ground |
Subjective Type Questions
5(a). How are roots important for a plant?
Answer:
Roots fix the plant firmly in the soil. They absorb water and minerals from the soil. Some roots also store food.
5(b). What functions does a stem have?
Answer:
It supports the plant.
It keeps the plant upright.
It carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
It bears leaves, flowers and fruits.
5(c). Why are green leaves called the food-producing factories of a plant?
Answer:
Green leaves contain chlorophyll. They prepare food by the process of photosynthesis using sunlight, water and air. Therefore, they are called the food-producing factories of the plant.
5(d). What are the other basic parts of a plant? Describe their functions.
Answer:
Leaves: Prepare food and give out oxygen.
Flowers: Help the plant reproduce and later become fruits.
Fruits: Protect the seeds.
Seeds: Grow into new plants.
5(e). What is germination?
Answer:
The process by which a seed grows into a new plant is called germination.
5(f). Your mother uses different kinds of spices and herbs to cook food at home. Name them and the part of plant from which they are derived.
Answer:
| Spice/Herb | Plant Part |
|---|---|
| Coriander | Leaves |
| Mint | Leaves |
| Ginger | Stem |
| Onion | Stem |
| Garlic | Stem |
| Cumin | Seeds |
| Mustard | Seeds |
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
6(a). Which of these plants has a taproot system?
✅ Answer: (iv) Mustard
6(b). Which of these plants has a fibrous root system?
✅ Answer: (ii) Onion
6(c). Which of these is a root that stores food?
✅ Answer: (ii) Turnip
6(d). These are woody plants with several stems growing near the ground.
✅ Answer: (iii) Shrubs
6(e). All of these are leaves that store food, except
✅ Answer: (ii) Broccoli
21st Century Skills
7. The gardener had to pull hard to uproot the weeds in the garden. Can you say why?
Answer:
Because the roots of weeds hold them firmly in the soil, the gardener had to pull hard to remove them.
8. Deepti observed that while her neighbours were away, the potted plants in their garden were drying up. What do you think can be the reason? What can Deepti do to save the plants?
Answer:
The plants were drying because they were not getting enough water. Deepti should water the plants regularly and keep them in proper sunlight.
9. Why do carrot and radish have swollen roots?
Answer:
Carrot and radish have swollen roots because they store food in their roots.
0 Comments